The future development direction of precision instrument

The development of advanced technology change rapidly, precision measurement technology should adapt to this development . Effect of precision measurement technology in mechanical discipline is for advanced manufacturing services, responsible for quality technical assurance task. This requires first of all to improve the quality of the products as the starting point, which is to achieve the most important goal.

The second is the precision measuring technology to improve production efficiency of products. Therefore, detection method must be able to adapt to the rapid development of production requirements, not only for the detection and the detection of, not because of the requirement of detection and affect production efficiency, starting from a more positive point of view, should be the good service of precision measurement technology and promote the production capacity improved. According to the development law of the development of advanced manufacturing technology and precision measurement technology itself, continuously expand the measuring principle and new test methods, and test information processing technology, on the mechanical discipline, is expected to take the following development.

1, visual testing technology

A lot of non-contact measurement technology, it is particularly worth mentioning is the visual testing technology. The development of the modern vision theory and technology, not only in the simulation of the human eye can complete the function, it is more important to the adult eye are not capable of working, so the vision technology as a new technology, has been developing rapidly in basic electronics, optical and computer technology continues to mature and perfect. The visual testing technology is a new testing technology based on computer visual research. Different from the research of computer vision visual pattern recognition, visual understanding of content, position measurement geometry visual testing technology research object and object, such as a car body in white three-dimensional size measurement, mold and other 3D shape measurement of large workpiece, coaxiality measurement, coplanarity measurement. It can be widely used in online measurement, reverse engineering and other active, real-time measurement process. The development of visual testing technology in abroad very soon, as early as in the nineteen eighties, the United States National Bureau of standards is expected, the detection task 90% will be completed by the visual testing system. The United States in the 80's had more than 100 companies ranked in the visual test system management Field, visible visual test system is very promising. See foreign using visual inspection technique developed by the instrument has been in the International Machine Tool Fair in Beijing in 1999 October, such as optical three coordinate measuring machine, high speed and high precision digital scanning system, non-contact Guang Xuesan coordinate measuring machine and other advanced equipment.

Measurement and control 2, zero waste production.

In manufacturing, quality assurance is the ideal goal of zero waste production manufacturing. In the process of precision measurement technology, the function and significance is self-evident. Assembling quality of machine parts processing quality, with the processing equipment, testing equipment and testing information about processing, therefore to achieve zero waste production, starting with precision testing point of view, the following problems should be considered: ( 1 ) in the workpiece, prior testing machine. How to quickly and accurately obtain the precision processing equipment calibration, state machine, which greatly reduce or even eliminate rework, rework is very beneficial. Of course this is research and development including the detection equipment. ( 2 ) the production process of the workpiece measurement or 100% detection of the workpiece, it is necessary to study the suitable for dynamic or quasi test equipment, dynamic, and even can be integrated into the special test equipment, processing equipment, to achieve real-time testing, we modify the parameters according to the test result, additional adjustment or feedback control of the processing equipment. From the precision theory also corresponding to study dynamic accuracy theory, including the dynamic precision evaluation. ( 3 ) study how Make full use of the measurement information to achieve zero waste production. Through the 100% online measurement data are fully used, from the dynamic characteristics of error distribution of machining and measurement process, according to the characteristics of dynamic characteristics of a loss of precision machining error and the sensor precision, regulations and product quality requirements and tolerance, the basic zero waste of manufacturing model. Make full use of artificial neural network, genetic algorithm and other modern mathematical methods for machining quality prediction, so the quality of advanced control.

3, measurement of dimensions to continue developing towards two extremes

The so-called two extremes is defined relative to now measuring the size of large size and small size. Usually measured size has been widely noted, the test method of the diverse development. In recent years, as the rapid development of the national economy and the urgent need, making and testing requirements for many aspects of the production and Engineering than we the scope of testing, such as aircraft shape measurement, large machinery of key components of measurement, high-rise building elevator guide rail straightness measurement, tank car field calibration requires a large dimension measurement; rapid development of microelectronic technology, biological technology, explore the microcosmic world demand, the improvement of measurement accuracy, and requirements for Micron, nanometer testing.

( 1 ) measuring methods of large size such as Engineering Geodesy method refers to some principles and methods of geodetic transplant and improvement in mechanical engineering measurement, the new measuring method, and some other large scale measurement methods, such as laser tracking 3D measurement system.

( 2 ) nanometer testing technology from the trend of manufacturing, every ten years for allowable error is reduced by 1 / 3, so the measurement requirement is more and more high precision, and can be traced to the international standard ( ISO ). Of course, nanometer measurement are also diverse, light interferometer, quantum interferometer, capacitance micrometer, X ray interferometer, Fabry Perot etalon frequency tracking, scanning electron microscope ( SEM ), scanning tunneling microscopy ( STM ), atomic force microscopy ( AFM ), molecular measuring machine M3 (molecularmeasuringmachine).

4, the measurement approach to the development of diversification

( 1 ) application of multi-sensor fusion technology in the manufacturing field of fusion is a method for measuring information to solve in the process of measurement, it can improve the measuring accuracy of information. Because of multiple sensors is access to information in different ways or from different angles, so we can discard the false and retain the true through information fusion between them, improve the measurement precision.

( 2 ) building, combined measurement method for white body 3D measurement system belongs to this class of methods, you can also say that it is a special coordinate measuring machine flexibility good, the key lies in the establishment of the system.

( 3 ) the portable measurement equipment such as portable optical fiber interferometer, portable large-range 3D measurement system, is often used to solve the measurement problem of field size.

( 4 ) the virtual instruments is the application of virtual reality technology in precision measurement field, deeply domestic existing research. A variety of digital test instrument virtual into an intelligent testing instrument based on computer digital hardware support; another is the study of virtual measurement in virtual manufacturing, such as virtual block, virtual coordinate measuring machines.

( 5 ) intelligent structure belonging to the structure detection and fault diagnosis, is an interdisciplinary integration of intelligent technology, sensor technology, information technology, bionic technology, materials science, the concept of transition monitoring to real-time monitoring and control online, dynamic, active.

5, to achieve a variety of traceability requirements

( 1 ) calibration, self calibration requirements for high precision measurement of high precision tracing, in many cases it is difficult to find meet the requirement of precision instruments, the important reason is traceability restricts the development of measurement accuracy, and in some cases we can use virtual calibration and measurement method of measuring instruments, to solve the source problem.

( 2 ) measuring instrument field calibration more and more requirements of the scene direct calibration, many or three-dimensional space calibration, the calibration technique and instrument calibration is completed the key.

( 3 ) nano traceability nano test traceability is important. The United States, Germany has been NIST PTB, Japan NRIM on silicon ( 220 ) accurate dimensions and spacing of crystal lattice size, element has good stability under the condition of constant temperature, can be used to build nano traceability to reference.